13 files changed, 165 insertions, 171 deletions

diff --git a/docs/_zh_CN/pages/10-help.md b/docs/_zh_CN/pages/10-help.md
index 8cee2aa..1c4e410 100644
--- a/docs/_zh_CN/pages/10-help.md
+++ b/docs/_zh_CN/pages/10-help.md
@@ -13,18 +13,17 @@ Mingling 里用 `#[help]` 宏给命令添加帮助文本。
 
 ```rust
 @@@use mingling::macros::help;
+@@@use mingling::macros::buffer;
 @@@dispatcher!("greet", CMDGreet => EntryGreet);
-#[help]
-fn help_greet(_entry: EntryGreet) -> RenderResult {
-    let mut r = RenderResult::new();
-    writeln!(r, "Usage: greet [name]").ok();
-    writeln!(r, "Say hello to someone.").ok();
-    r
+#[help(buffer)]
+fn help_greet(_entry: EntryGreet) {
+    r_println!("Usage: greet [name]");
+    r_println!("Say hello to someone.");
 }
 ```
  
 > [!NOTE]
-> 帮助函数同样通过 `writeln!` 向 `RenderResult` 写入内容，因为 `#[help]` 遵循渲染管线 —— 它是由 `--help` 标志提前触发的短路渲染，而不是管线之外的逻辑。
+> 帮助函数同样通过 `r_println!` 向 `RenderResult` 写入内容，因为 `#[help]` 遵循渲染管线 —— 它是由 `--help` 标志提前触发的短路渲染，而不是管线之外的逻辑。
 
 ## 全局帮助
 
@@ -32,14 +31,13 @@ fn help_greet(_entry: EntryGreet) -> RenderResult {
 
 ```rust
 @@@use mingling::macros::help;
+@@@use mingling::macros::buffer;
 // 用户直接输入 --help 时触发
-#[help]
-fn help_root(entry: ErrorDispatcherNotFound) -> RenderResult {
-    let mut r = RenderResult::new();
-    writeln!(r, "Usage: my-cli <command>").ok();
-    writeln!(r, "Commands:").ok();
-    writeln!(r, "  greet    Say hello").ok();
-    r
+#[help(buffer)]
+fn help_root(entry: ErrorDispatcherNotFound) {
+    r_println!("Usage: my-cli <command>");
+    r_println!("Commands:");
+    r_println!("  greet    Say hello");
 }
 ```
  
diff --git a/docs/_zh_CN/pages/11-resource-system.md b/docs/_zh_CN/pages/11-resource-system.md
index 152e5d6..b127a3a 100644
--- a/docs/_zh_CN/pages/11-resource-system.md
+++ b/docs/_zh_CN/pages/11-resource-system.md
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ fn main() {
 在 Chain 或 Renderer 中，只需在参数列表里声明你要的资源：
 
 ```rust
+@@@use mingling::macros::buffer;
 @@@#[derive(Default, Clone)]
 @@@struct ResCurrentDir(String);
 @@@dispatcher!("pwd", CMDPrintWorkingDir => EntryPrintWorkingDir);
@@ -37,11 +38,9 @@ fn handle_pwd(_args: EntryPrintWorkingDir, cwd: &ResCurrentDir) -> Next {
     ResultPath::new(cwd.0.clone()).to_render()
 }
  
-#[renderer]
-fn render_path(result: ResultPath) -> RenderResult {
-    let mut r = RenderResult::new();
-    writeln!(r, "{}", *result).ok();
-    r
+#[renderer(buffer)]
+fn render_path(result: ResultPath) {
+    r_println!("{}", *result);
 }
 ```
  
@@ -50,6 +49,7 @@ fn render_path(result: ResultPath) -> RenderResult {
 用 `&mut T` 注入可修改资源：
 
 ```rust
+@@@use mingling::macros::buffer;
 @@@#[derive(Default, Clone)]
 @@@struct ResVisitCount(u32);
 @@@dispatcher!("visit", CMDVisit => EntryVisit);
@@ -57,14 +57,12 @@ fn render_path(result: ResultPath) -> RenderResult {
 #[chain]
 fn handle_visit(_args: EntryVisit, counter: &mut ResVisitCount) -> Next {
     counter.0 += 1;
-    ResultDone::default()
+    ResultDone::default().into()
 }
  
-#[renderer]
-fn render_done(_done: ResultDone, counter: &ResVisitCount) -> RenderResult {
-    let mut r = RenderResult::new();
-    writeln!(r, "visit count is : {}", counter.0).ok();
-    r
+#[renderer(buffer)]
+fn render_done(_done: ResultDone, counter: &ResVisitCount) {
+    r_println!("visit count is : {}", counter.0);
 }
 ```
  
diff --git a/docs/_zh_CN/pages/14-testing.md b/docs/_zh_CN/pages/14-testing.md
index 621d43e..031be59 100644
--- a/docs/_zh_CN/pages/14-testing.md
+++ b/docs/_zh_CN/pages/14-testing.md
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ Renderer 是最容易测试的——调用函数，断言返回结果：
 #[renderer]
 fn render_greet(result: ResultName) -> RenderResult {
     let mut r = RenderResult::new();
-    writeln!(r, "Hello, {}!", *result).ok();
+    r_println!(r, "Hello, {}!", *result);
     r
 }
  
diff --git a/docs/_zh_CN/pages/3-define-a-chain.md b/docs/_zh_CN/pages/3-define-a-chain.md
index 7ac5c60..f845d11 100644
--- a/docs/_zh_CN/pages/3-define-a-chain.md
+++ b/docs/_zh_CN/pages/3-define-a-chain.md
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ fn handle_greet(args: EntryGreet) -> Next {
     // args 就是用户输入经过匹配后剩下的参数
     let name = args.inner.first().cloned().unwrap_or_else(|| "World".to_string());
     // 把结果包装成 Next，告诉调度器下一步去哪
-    ResultName::new(name)
+    ResultName::new(name).into()
 }
 ```
  
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ Chain 函数签名里写着它需要什么——`args: EntryGreet`
 ```rust
 // pack!(ResultName = String) 大概生成了这样的代码
  
-#[derive(Groupped)]
+#[derive(Grouped)]
 pub struct ResultName {
     pub inner: String,
 }
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ fn handle_greet(args: EntryGreet) -> Next {
         .cloned()
         .unwrap_or_else(|| "World".to_string());
  
-    ResultName::new(name)
+    ResultName::new(name).into()
 }
 ```
  
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ fn handle_greet(args: EntryGreet) -> Next {
         .first()
         .cloned()
         .unwrap_or_else(|| "World".to_string());
-    ResultName::new(name)
+    ResultName::new(name).into()
 }
  
 fn main() {
diff --git a/docs/_zh_CN/pages/4-render-result.md b/docs/_zh_CN/pages/4-render-result.md
index 7cf2d2b..8b29fca 100644
--- a/docs/_zh_CN/pages/4-render-result.md
+++ b/docs/_zh_CN/pages/4-render-result.md
@@ -10,18 +10,31 @@
 跟 `#[chain]` 类似，`#[renderer]` 用于标记一个输出函数：
 
 ```rust
-use std::io::Write;
+@@@use mingling::macros::buffer;
+@@@pack!(ResultName = String);
+#[renderer(buffer)]
+fn render_name(name: ResultName) {
+    r_println!("Hello, {}!", *name);
+}
+```
+ 
+Renderer 接收 Chain 产出的结果，然后返回一个 `RenderResult`。在函数内部，创建 `RenderResult`，用 `r_print!` / `r_println!` 写入内容，最后返回它。
+
+## `buffer` 拓展
+
+若您觉得显式创建并返回 `RenderResult` 过于繁琐，可以使用 `#[renderer(buffer)]` 在原始函数内植入一个缓冲区。
+
+```rust
+use mingling::macros::buffer;
  
 @@@pack!(ResultName = String);
-#[renderer]
-fn render_name(name: ResultName) -> RenderResult {
-    let mut result = RenderResult::new();
-    writeln!(result, "Hello, {}!", *name).ok();
-    result
+#[renderer(buffer)]
+fn render_name(name: ResultName) {
+    r_println!("Hello, {}!", *name);
 }
 ```
  
-Renderer 接收 Chain 产出的结果，然后返回一个 `RenderResult`。在函数内部，创建 `RenderResult`，用 `write!` / `writeln!`（来自 [`std::io::Write`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/io/trait.Write.html)）写入内容，最后返回它。
+这样，你的 renderer 函数就获得了更简洁的语法，但也引入了一个隐含机制：它会向函数内注入一个名为 `__render_result_buffer` 的可变 `RenderResult`。当 `r_print!` 宏没有显式指定 `RenderResult` 时，它便会按照约定向该缓冲区追加输出。
 
 ## `RenderResult` 类型
 
@@ -36,7 +49,7 @@ Renderer 接收 Chain 产出的结果，然后返回一个 `RenderResult`。在�
 把三篇教程的内容合在一起，你的第一个 Mingling 程序就完整了：
 
 ```rust
-use std::io::Write;
+use mingling::macros::buffer;
  
 // 1. 用 Dispatcher 声明命令
 dispatcher!("greet", CMDGreet => EntryGreet);
@@ -51,15 +64,13 @@ fn handle_greet(args: EntryGreet) -> Next {
         .first()
         .cloned()
         .unwrap_or_else(|| "World".to_string());
-    ResultName::new(name)
+    ResultName::new(name).into()
 }
  
 // 4. 用 Renderer 输出结果
-#[renderer]
-fn render_name(name: ResultName) -> RenderResult {
-    let mut result = RenderResult::new();
-    writeln!(result, "Hello, {}!", *name).ok();
-    result
+#[renderer(buffer)]
+fn render_name(name: ResultName) {
+    r_println!("Hello, {}!", *name);
 }
  
 // 5. 在 main 函数内装配程序并运行
@@ -108,17 +119,15 @@ cargo run -- great
 `gen_program!()` 自动生成了一个 `ErrorDispatcherNotFound` 类型，包裹 `Vec<String>`——它存的是用户输入的那些没匹配到的命令。你只需要给它写一个 Renderer：
 
 ```rust
-use std::io::Write;
+use mingling::macros::buffer;
  
-#[renderer]
-fn render_dispatcher_not_found(err: ErrorDispatcherNotFound) -> RenderResult {
-    let mut result = RenderResult::new();
+#[renderer(buffer)]
+fn render_dispatcher_not_found(err: ErrorDispatcherNotFound) {
     if err.inner.is_empty() {
-        writeln!(result, "Unknown command").ok();
+        r_println!("Unknown command");
     } else {
-        writeln!(result, "Command not found: \"{}\"", err.inner.join(" ")).ok();
+        r_println!("Command not found: \"{}\"", err.inner.join(" "));
     }
-    result
 }
 ```
  
diff --git a/docs/_zh_CN/pages/5-multiple-commands.md b/docs/_zh_CN/pages/5-multiple-commands.md
index 7d2617b..ff6596d 100644
--- a/docs/_zh_CN/pages/5-multiple-commands.md
+++ b/docs/_zh_CN/pages/5-multiple-commands.md
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 继续在同一个项目里操作：
 
 ```rust
+@@@use mingling::macros::buffer;
 // 声明两个命令
 dispatcher!("greet", CMDGreet => EntryGreet);
 dispatcher!("add",   CMDAdd   => EntryAdd);
@@ -20,27 +21,23 @@ pack!(ResultSum = i32);
 #[chain]
 fn handle_greet(args: EntryGreet) -> Next {
     let name = args.inner.first().cloned().unwrap_or_else(|| "World".to_string());
-    ResultGreeting::new(name)
+    ResultGreeting::new(name).into()
 }
  
 #[chain]
 fn handle_add(args: EntryAdd) -> Next {
     let sum: i32 = args.inner.iter().filter_map(|s| s.parse::<i32>().ok()).sum();
-    ResultSum::new(sum)
+    ResultSum::new(sum).into()
 }
  
-#[renderer]
-fn render_greet(result: ResultGreeting) -> RenderResult {
-    let mut r = RenderResult::new();
-    writeln!(r, "Hello, {}!", *result).ok();
-    r
+#[renderer(buffer)]
+fn render_greet(result: ResultGreeting) {
+    r_println!("Hello, {}!", *result);
 }
  
-#[renderer]
-fn render_sum(result: ResultSum) -> RenderResult {
-    let mut r = RenderResult::new();
-    writeln!(r, "Sum: {}", *result).ok();
-    r
+#[renderer(buffer)]
+fn render_sum(result: ResultSum) {
+    r_println!("Sum: {}", *result);
 }
  
 fn main() {
@@ -70,9 +67,9 @@ Sum: 6
 @@@dispatcher!("add", CMDAdd => EntryAdd);
 @@@pack!(ResultGreeting = String);
 @@@pack!(ResultSum = i32);
-@@@#[chain] fn handle_greet(_args: EntryGreet) -> Next { ResultGreeting::new("ok".into()) }
+@@@#[chain] fn handle_greet(_args: EntryGreet) -> Next { ResultGreeting::new("ok".into()).into() }
 @@@#[renderer] fn render_greet(_greeting: ResultGreeting) -> RenderResult { RenderResult::new() }
-@@@#[chain] fn handle_add(_args: EntryAdd) -> Next { ResultSum::new(0) }
+@@@#[chain] fn handle_add(_args: EntryAdd) -> Next { ResultSum::new(0).into() }
 @@@#[renderer] fn render_sum(_sum: ResultSum) -> RenderResult { RenderResult::new() }
 fn main() {
     let mut program = ThisProgram::new();
diff --git a/docs/_zh_CN/pages/6-argument-parse-picker.md b/docs/_zh_CN/pages/6-argument-parse-picker.md
index b41f839..f0609ed 100644
--- a/docs/_zh_CN/pages/6-argument-parse-picker.md
+++ b/docs/_zh_CN/pages/6-argument-parse-picker.md
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ features = ["parser"]
 #[chain]
 fn handle_greet_entry(prev: EntryGreet) -> Next {
     let name = prev.pick_or((), "World").unpack();
-    ResultName::new(name)
+    ResultName::new(name).into()
 }
 ```
  
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ fn handle_greet_entry(prev: EntryGreet) -> Next {
 @@@#[chain]
 @@@fn handle_greet_entry(prev: EntryGreet) -> Next {
 let name = prev.pick_or((), "World").unpack();
-@@@ResultName::new(name)
+@@@ResultName::new(name).into()
 @@@}
 ```
  
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ let name = prev.pick_or((), "World").unpack();
 #[chain]
 fn handle_greet_entry(prev: EntryGreet) -> Next {
     let name = prev.pick_or(["--name", "-n"], "World").unpack();
-    ResultName::new(name)
+    ResultName::new(name).into()
 }
 ```
  
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ fn handle_test_entry(prev: EntryTest) -> Next {
         .pick::<u32>(["--id", "-I"])
         .unpack();
  
-    ResultInfo::new((name, age, id))
+    ResultInfo::new((name, age, id)).into()
 }
 ```
  
@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@ fn handle_test_entry(prev: EntryTest) -> Next {
 
 ```rust
 // Features: ["parser", "extra_macros"]
+@@@use mingling::macros::buffer;
 @@@use mingling::macros::route;
 @@@dispatcher!("greet", CMDGreet => EntryGreet);
 @@@pack!(ResultName = String);
@@ -155,11 +156,9 @@ fn handle_greet_entry(prev: EntryGreet) -> Next {
     ResultName::new(name).into()
 }
  
-#[renderer]
-fn render_greet(result: ResultName) -> RenderResult {
-    let mut r = RenderResult::new();
-    writeln!(r, "Hello, {}!", *result).ok();
-    r
+#[renderer(buffer)]
+fn render_greet(result: ResultName) {
+    r_println!("Hello, {}!", *result);
 }
 ```
  
@@ -199,7 +198,7 @@ let name = match pick_result {
 
 在您使用 `pick` 提取了用户输入后，可以使用 `after` 立刻处理该参数
 
-```rust
+````rust
 // Features: ["parser"]
 @@@dispatcher!("greet", CMDGreet => EntryGreet);
 @@@pack!(ResultName = String);
@@ -217,7 +216,7 @@ fn handle_greet_entry(prev: EntryGreet) -> Next {
         })
         .unpack();
  
-    ResultName::new(name)
+    ResultName::new(name).into()
 }
 ```
  
@@ -225,6 +224,7 @@ fn handle_greet_entry(prev: EntryGreet) -> Next {
 
 ```rust
 // Features: ["parser", "extra_macros"]
+@@@use mingling::macros::buffer;
 @@@use mingling::macros::route;
 @@@dispatcher!("greet", CMDGreet => EntryGreet);
 @@@pack!(ResultName = String);
@@ -247,19 +247,15 @@ fn handle_greet_entry(prev: EntryGreet) -> Next {
     ResultName::new(name).into()
 }
  
-#[renderer]
-fn render_name_too_long(prev: ErrorNameTooLong) -> RenderResult {
-    let mut r = RenderResult::new();
+#[renderer(buffer)]
+fn render_name_too_long(prev: ErrorNameTooLong) {
     let len = *prev;
-    writeln!(r, "Error: name too long (length: {} > 32)", len).ok();
-    r
+    r_println!("Error: name too long (length: {} > 32)", len);
 }
  
-#[renderer]
-fn render_name(prev: ResultName) -> RenderResult {
-    let mut r = RenderResult::new();
-    writeln!(r, "Hello, {}!", *prev).ok();
-    r
+#[renderer(buffer)]
+fn render_name(prev: ResultName) {
+    r_println!("Hello, {}!", *prev);
 }
 ```
  
@@ -314,6 +310,7 @@ fn parse_size() {
 
 ```rust
 // Features: ["parser"]
+@@@use mingling::macros::buffer;
 @@@use mingling::parser::{Pickable, Argument};
 @@@use mingling::Flag;
 #[derive(Default, Clone)]
@@ -338,14 +335,12 @@ impl Pickable for Address {
 #[chain]
 fn handle_connect_entry(prev: EntryConnect) -> Next {
     let address: Address = prev.pick("--addr").unpack();
-    ResultConnected::new(address)
+    ResultConnected::new(address).into()
 }
  
-#[renderer]
-fn render_connected(addr: ResultConnected) -> RenderResult {
-    let mut r = RenderResult::new();
-    writeln!(r, "Connected: IP: {} PORT: {}", addr.ip, addr.port).ok();
-    r
+#[renderer(buffer)]
+fn render_connected(addr: ResultConnected) {
+    r_println!("Connected: IP: {} PORT: {}", addr.ip, addr.port);
 }
 ```
  
@@ -362,6 +357,7 @@ Connected: IP: 127.0.0.1 PORT: 8080
 
 ```rust
 // Features: ["parser"]
+@@@use mingling::macros::buffer;
 @@@use mingling::parser::PickableEnum;
 @@@use mingling::EnumTag;
 #[derive(Debug, Default, EnumTag)]
@@ -379,14 +375,12 @@ impl PickableEnum for Fruits {}
 #[chain]
 fn handle_eat_entry(prev: EntryEat) -> Next {
     let fruit: Fruits = prev.pick("--fruit").unpack();
-    ResultFruit::new(fruit)
+    ResultFruit::new(fruit).into()
 }
  
-#[renderer]
-fn render_fruit(prev: ResultFruit) -> RenderResult {
-    let mut r = RenderResult::new();
-    writeln!(r, "Picked fruit: {:?}", *prev).ok();
-    r
+#[renderer(buffer)]
+fn render_fruit(prev: ResultFruit) {
+    r_println!("Picked fruit: {:?}", *prev);
 }
 ```
  
@@ -395,3 +389,4 @@ fn render_fruit(prev: ResultFruit) -> RenderResult {
 <p align="center" style="font-size: 0.85em; color: gray;">
     Written by @Weicao-CatilGrass
 </p>
+````
diff --git a/docs/_zh_CN/pages/7-argument-parse-clap.md b/docs/_zh_CN/pages/7-argument-parse-clap.md
index 7dce301..fda93f3 100644
--- a/docs/_zh_CN/pages/7-argument-parse-clap.md
+++ b/docs/_zh_CN/pages/7-argument-parse-clap.md
@@ -25,7 +25,8 @@ features = ["derive", "color"]
 // Dependencies:
 // clap = "4"
 @@@ use mingling::macros::dispatcher_clap;
-#[derive(Default, clap::Parser, Groupped)]
+@@@ use mingling::macros::buffer;
+#[derive(Default, clap::Parser, Grouped)]
 #[dispatcher_clap("greet", CMDGreet, help = true, error = ErrorGreetParsed)]
 pub struct EntryGreet {
     #[clap(default_value = "World")]
@@ -34,23 +35,19 @@ pub struct EntryGreet {
     repeat: i32,
 }
  
-#[renderer]
-fn render_greet(greet: EntryGreet) -> RenderResult {
-    let mut r = RenderResult::new();
+#[renderer(buffer)]
+fn render_greet(greet: EntryGreet) {
     let count = greet.repeat.max(0) as usize;
-    write!(r, "Hello, ").ok();
+    r_print!("Hello, ");
     for _ in 0..count {
-        write!(r, "{} ", greet.name).ok();
+        r_print!("{} ", greet.name);
     }
-    writeln!(r, "!").ok();
-    r
+    r_println!("!");
 }
  
-#[renderer]
-fn render_greet_parse_failed(err: ErrorGreetParsed) -> RenderResult {
-    let mut r = RenderResult::new();
-    writeln!(r, "{}", *err).ok();
-    r
+#[renderer(buffer)]
+fn render_greet_parse_failed(err: ErrorGreetParsed) {
+    r_println!("{}", *err);
 }
 ```
  
@@ -62,18 +59,17 @@ fn render_greet_parse_failed(err: ErrorGreetParsed) -> RenderResult {
 // Features: ["clap"]
 // Dependencies:
 // clap = "4"
+@@@use mingling::macros::buffer;
 @@@use mingling::setup::BasicProgramSetup;
 @@@use mingling::macros::dispatcher_clap;
-@@@#[derive(Default, clap::Parser, Groupped)]
+@@@#[derive(Default, clap::Parser, Grouped)]
 @@@#[dispatcher_clap("greet", CMDGreet)]
 @@@pub struct EntryGreet {
 @@@    name: String,
 @@@}
-@@@#[renderer]
-@@@fn render_greet(greet: EntryGreet) -> RenderResult {
-@@@    let mut r = RenderResult::new();
-@@@    write!(r, "Hello, {}!", greet.name).ok();
-@@@    r
+@@@#[renderer(buffer)]
+@@@fn render_greet(greet: EntryGreet) {
+@@@    r_println!("Hello, {}!", greet.name);
 @@@}
 fn main() {
     let mut program = ThisProgram::new();
diff --git a/docs/_zh_CN/pages/9-error-handling.md b/docs/_zh_CN/pages/9-error-handling.md
index 07c82da..4ce61ab 100644
--- a/docs/_zh_CN/pages/9-error-handling.md
+++ b/docs/_zh_CN/pages/9-error-handling.md
@@ -38,23 +38,20 @@ fn handle_greet(args: EntryGreet) -> Next {
 然后各自写 Renderer：
 
 ```rust
+@@@use mingling::macros::buffer;
 @@@dispatcher!("greet", CMDGreet => EntryGreet);
 @@@pack!(ResultGreeting = String);
 @@@pack!(ErrorNameEmpty = String);
 @@@#[chain] fn handle_greet(args: EntryGreet) -> Next { ResultGreeting::new(args.inner.first().cloned().unwrap_or_default()).to_render() }
  
-#[renderer]
-fn render_greet(result: ResultGreeting) -> RenderResult {
-    let mut r = RenderResult::new();
-    writeln!(r, "Hello, {}!", *result).ok();
-    r
+#[renderer(buffer)]
+fn render_greet(result: ResultGreeting) {
+    r_println!("Hello, {}!", *result);
 }
  
-#[renderer]
-fn render_error_name_empty(err: ErrorNameEmpty) -> RenderResult {
-    let mut r = RenderResult::new();
-    writeln!(r, "Error: {}", *err).ok();
-    r
+#[renderer(buffer)]
+fn render_error_name_empty(err: ErrorNameEmpty) {
+    r_println!("Error: {}", *err);
 }
 ```
  
@@ -63,6 +60,7 @@ fn render_error_name_empty(err: ErrorNameEmpty) -> RenderResult {
 ## 完整的例子
 
 ```rust
+@@@use mingling::macros::buffer;
 dispatcher!("greet", CMDGreet => EntryGreet);
  
 pack!(ResultGreeting = String);
@@ -78,18 +76,14 @@ fn handle_greet(args: EntryGreet) -> Next {
     }
 }
  
-#[renderer]
-fn render_greet(result: ResultGreeting) -> RenderResult {
-    let mut r = RenderResult::new();
-    writeln!(r, "Hello, {}!", *result).ok();
-    r
+#[renderer(buffer)]
+fn render_greet(result: ResultGreeting) {
+    r_println!("Hello, {}!", *result);
 }
  
-#[renderer]
-fn render_error_name_empty(err: ErrorNameEmpty) -> RenderResult {
-    let mut r = RenderResult::new();
-    writeln!(r, "Error: {}", *err).ok();
-    r
+#[renderer(buffer)]
+fn render_error_name_empty(err: ErrorNameEmpty) {
+    r_println!("Error: {}", *err);
 }
  
 fn main() {
diff --git a/docs/_zh_CN/pages/advanced/2-structural-renderer.md b/docs/_zh_CN/pages/advanced/2-structural-renderer.md
index 9a4f111..a498dac 100644
--- a/docs/_zh_CN/pages/advanced/2-structural-renderer.md
+++ b/docs/_zh_CN/pages/advanced/2-structural-renderer.md
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ features = ["structural_renderer"]
 // Features: ["structural_renderer"]
 // Dependencies:
 // serde = "1"
+@@@use mingling::macros::buffer;
 @@@use mingling::setup::StructuralRendererSetup;
 @@@dispatcher!("render", CMDRender => EntryRender);
  
@@ -37,14 +38,12 @@ pack_structural!(ResultInfo = (String, i32));
 fn handle_render(args: EntryRender) -> Next {
     let name = args.inner.first().cloned().unwrap_or_default();
     let age = args.inner.get(1).and_then(|s| s.parse().ok()).unwrap_or(0);
-    ResultInfo::new((name, age))
+    ResultInfo::new((name, age)).into()
 }
  
-#[renderer]
-fn render_info(r: ResultInfo) -> RenderResult {
-    let mut result = RenderResult::new();
-    writeln!(result, "{:?}", *r).ok();
-    result
+#[renderer(buffer)]
+fn render_info(r: ResultInfo) {
+    r_println!("{:?}", *r);
 }
 ```
  
@@ -62,19 +61,20 @@ fn render_info(r: ResultInfo) -> RenderResult {
 
 ## 自定义输出结构
 
-`pack_structural!` 的默认输出包含 `inner` 字段。要完全控制输出结构，可以用 `#[derive(StructuralData, Serialize, Groupped)]` 手动定义类型：
+`pack_structural!` 的默认输出包含 `inner` 字段。要完全控制输出结构，可以用 `#[derive(StructuralData, Serialize, Grouped)]` 手动定义类型：
 
 ```rust
 // Features: ["structural_renderer"]
 // Dependencies:
 // serde = "1"
+@@@use mingling::macros::buffer;
 @@@use mingling::prelude::*;
 @@@use mingling::setup::StructuralRendererSetup;
 @@@use mingling::StructuralData;
 @@@use serde::Serialize;
 @@@dispatcher!("render", CMDRender => EntryRender);
  
-#[derive(Serialize, StructuralData, Groupped)]
+#[derive(Serialize, StructuralData, Grouped)]
 struct Info {
     name: String,
     age: i32,
@@ -87,11 +87,9 @@ fn handle_render(args: EntryRender) -> Next {
     Info { name, age }.to_render()
 }
  
-#[renderer]
-fn render_info(info: Info) -> RenderResult {
-    let mut r = RenderResult::new();
-    writeln!(r, "{} is {} years old", info.name, info.age).ok();
-    r
+#[renderer(buffer)]
+fn render_info(info: Info) {
+    r_println!("{} is {} years old", info.name, info.age);
 }
 @@@
 @@@fn main() {
diff --git a/docs/_zh_CN/pages/concepts/3-any-output.md b/docs/_zh_CN/pages/concepts/3-any-output.md
index 9b820da..118e856 100644
--- a/docs/_zh_CN/pages/concepts/3-any-output.md
+++ b/docs/_zh_CN/pages/concepts/3-any-output.md
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ AnyOutput<G>
  
 这里的 `G` 就是 `gen_program!()` 生成的程序枚举（也就是你熟知的 `ThisProgram`）。
 
-每个被 `pack!` 或 `#[derive(Groupped)]` 标记的类型都被分配到这个枚举的一个变体。
+每个被 `pack!` 或 `#[derive(Grouped)]` 标记的类型都被分配到这个枚举的一个变体。
 
 ## ChainProcess：数据 + 路由
 
@@ -38,17 +38,17 @@ ChainProcess<G>
 
 调度器根据 `NextProcess` 决定是继续循环还是退出渲染。
 
-## Groupped：谁是谁
+## Grouped：谁是谁
 
-调度器如何知道 `AnyOutput` 里装的是 `ResultName` 还是 `ErrorUserBlocked`？答案是 `Groupped` trait：
+调度器如何知道 `AnyOutput` 里装的是 `ResultName` 还是 `ErrorUserBlocked`？答案是 `Grouped` trait：
 
 ```
-trait Groupped<G> {
+trait Grouped<G> {
     fn member_id() -> G;
 }
 ```
  
-当你用 `pack!(ResultName = String)` 时，宏自动为 `ResultName` 实现 `Groupped`，`member_id()` 返回枚举中对应的变体。调度器一看 `member_id`，就去找对应的 Chain 或 Renderer。
+当你用 `pack!(ResultName = String)` 时，宏自动为 `ResultName` 实现 `Grouped`，`member_id()` 返回枚举中对应的变体。调度器一看 `member_id`，就去找对应的 Chain 或 Renderer。
 
 `to_chain()` 和 `to_render()` 本质上是 `AnyOutput` 的快捷方法，分别构造 `ChainProcess::Ok(any, Chain)` 和 `ChainProcess::Ok(any, Renderer)`。
 
diff --git a/docs/_zh_CN/pages/other/features.md b/docs/_zh_CN/pages/other/features.md
index bfd9efc..8bd386c 100644
--- a/docs/_zh_CN/pages/other/features.md
+++ b/docs/_zh_CN/pages/other/features.md
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ pack!(StateFoo = ());
  
 #[chain]
 async fn handle_state_foo(foo: StateFoo) -> Next {
-    StateFoo::new(())
+    StateFoo::new(()).into()
 }
 ```
  
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ use mingling::macros::entry;
 pack!(EntryHello = Vec<String>);
  
 fn main() {
-    let result = handle_hello(entry!("--name", "Bob")).into();
+    let result: Next = handle_hello(entry!("--name", "Bob")).into();
     // ... 此处为断言逻辑
 }
  
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ fn handle_hello(args: EntryHello) {}
 ### `group!`
 
 将外部类型注册为程序组成员，无需修改原始类型的定义。
-类型名会直接作为枚举变体，与 `pack!` 或 `#[derive(Groupped)]` 一致。
+类型名会直接作为枚举变体，与 `pack!` 或 `#[derive(Grouped)]` 一致。
 
 ```rust
 // Features: ["extra_macros"]
@@ -274,12 +274,24 @@ analyze_and_build_type_mapping().unwrap();
 
 **介绍:**
 
-启用解析器模块，提供文本解析和语法分析功能。
+启用参数解析器模块，提供参数解析功能。
 
-开启后可以使用 `Picker` 进行零成本的参数提取，支持 `pick()` 和 `pick_or()` 等方法。
+开启后可以使用 `Picker` 进行简易的参数提取，支持 `pick()` 和 `pick_or()` 等方法。
 
 详见 [示例](https://mingling-rs.github.io/mingling/docs/example-viewer.html?name=example-argument-parse)
 
+## 特性 `picker`
+
+**介绍：**
+
+引入依赖 `arg-picker`，为 Mingling 提供更高级的参数解析能力。
+
+它可以与 `parser`、`clap` 特性共存，但建议不要和 `parser` 特性同时启用，因为两者的 API 极为相似。
+
+`picker` 是独立于 Mingling 的参数解析器，不依赖 `mingling_core` 的内置参数提取 API。
+
+详见 [示例](https://mingling-rs.github.io/mingling/docs/example-viewer.html?name=example-argument-picker)
+
 ## 特性 `repl`
 
 **介绍:**
diff --git a/docs/_zh_CN/pages/other/naming_rule.md b/docs/_zh_CN/pages/other/naming_rule.md
index 5f2ac34..6e65ee4 100644
--- a/docs/_zh_CN/pages/other/naming_rule.md
+++ b/docs/_zh_CN/pages/other/naming_rule.md
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ Result + 内容
 | `ResultGreetSomeone` | 问候结果     |
 | `ResultFruitList`    | 水果列表结果 |
 
-结果结构体期望被 Renderer 消费，内部结构应该为了渲染美观而设计。一般用 `#[derive(Groupped)]` 代替 `pack!()` 包装，以获得更灵活的字段控制。
+结果结构体期望被 Renderer 消费，内部结构应该为了渲染美观而设计。一般用 `#[derive(Grouped)]` 代替 `pack!()` 包装，以获得更灵活的字段控制。
 
 ### 错误
 
@@ -166,6 +166,7 @@ fn handle_remote_add(args: EntryRemoteAdd, cwd: &ResCurrentDir, db: &mut ResData
 ## 完整示例
 
 ```rust
+@@@use mingling::macros::buffer;
 @@@ #[derive(Default, Clone)]
 @@@ struct ResDatabase {  }
 @@@ impl ResDatabase { fn has_remote(&self, remote: &String) -> bool { true } }
@@ -192,19 +193,15 @@ fn handle_state_operation_remotes(state: StateOperationRemotes, db: &ResDatabase
 }
  
 // 结果渲染
-#[renderer]
-fn render_remote_added(result: ResultRemoteAdded) -> RenderResult {
-    let mut r = RenderResult::new();
-    writeln!(r, "Remote added: {}", result.inner).ok();
-    r
+#[renderer(buffer)]
+fn render_remote_added(result: ResultRemoteAdded) {
+    r_println!("Remote added: {}", result.inner);
 }
  
 // 错误渲染
-#[renderer]
-fn render_error_repository_not_found(err: ErrorRepositoryNotFound) -> RenderResult {
-    let mut r = RenderResult::new();
-    writeln!(r, "Error: remote '{}' not found", err.inner).ok();
-    r
+#[renderer(buffer)]
+fn render_error_repository_not_found(err: ErrorRepositoryNotFound) {
+    r_println!("Error: remote '{}' not found", err.inner);
 }
 ```