Add documentation for Mingling CLI framework

13 files changed, 1526 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/docs/.nojekyll b/docs/.nojekyll
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diff --git a/docs/LICENSE b/docs/LICENSE
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+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2021 docsifyjs
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/docs/README.md b/docs/README.md
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+<p align="center">
+    <a href="https://github.com/CatilGrass/mingling">
+        <img alt="Mingling" src="res/icon_shadow.png" width="30%">
+    </a>
+</p>
+<h1 align="center">Mìng Lìng - 命令</h1>
+
+<p align="center">
+    The Rust CLI Framework
+</p>
+<p align="center">
+	<img src="https://img.shields.io/github/stars/CatilGrass/mingling?style=for-the-badge"> 
+	<a href="https://crates.io/crates/mingling">
+	  <img src="https://img.shields.io/crates/v/mingling?style=for-the-badge">
+	</a>
+	<a href="https://docs.rs/mingling/0.1.5/mingling/">
+	  <img src="https://img.shields.io/docsrs/mingling?style=for-the-badge">
+	</a>	
+	<img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Current-0.1.5-green?style=for-the-badge">
+</p>
+
+> [!WARNING]
+>
+> **Note**: Mingling is still under active development, and its API may change. Feel free to try it out and give us feedback!
+> **Hint**: This note will be removed in version `0.2.0`
+
+## Contents
+
+- [Intro](#intro)
+- [Quick Start](#quick-start)
+- [Core Concepts](#core-concepts)
+- [Project Structure](#project-structure)
+- [Example Projects](#example-projects)
+- [Next Steps](#next-steps)
+- [Roadmap](#roadmap)
+- [Unplanned Features](#unplanned-features)
+- [License](#license)
+
+## Intro
+
+[`Mingling`](https://github.com/CatilGrass/mingling) is a **proc-macro and type system-based** Rust CLI framework, suitable for developing complex command-line programs with numerous subcommands.
+
+> BTW: Its name comes from the Chinese Pinyin "mìng lìng", meaning "Command". 😄
+
+
+## Quick Start
+
+The example below shows how to use `Mingling` to create a simple command-line program:
+
+```rust
+use mingling::macros::{dispatcher, gen_program, r_println, renderer};
+
+#[tokio::main]
+async fn main() {
+    let mut program = ThisProgram::new();
+    program.with_dispatcher(HelloCommand);
+
+    // Execute
+    program.exec().await;
+}
+
+// Define command: "<bin> hello"
+dispatcher!("hello", HelloCommand => HelloEntry);
+
+// Render HelloEntry
+#[renderer]
+fn render_hello_world(_prev: HelloEntry) {
+    r_println!("Hello, World!")
+}
+
+// Fallbacks
+#[renderer]
+fn fallback_dispatcher_not_found(prev: DispatcherNotFound) {
+    r_println!("Dispatcher not found for command `{}`", prev.join(", "))
+}
+
+#[renderer]
+fn fallback_renderer_not_found(prev: RendererNotFound) {
+    r_println!("Renderer not found `{}`", *prev)
+}
+
+// Collect renderers and chains to generate ThisProgram
+gen_program!();
+```
+
+Output:
+
+```
+> mycmd hello
+Hello, World!
+> mycmd hallo
+Dispatcher not found for command `hallo`
+```
+
+## Core Concepts
+
+Mingling abstracts command execution into the following parts:
+
+1. **Dispatcher** - Routes user input to a specific renderer or chain based on the command node name.
+2. **Chain** - Transforms the incoming type into another type, passing it to the next chain or renderer.
+3. **Renderer** - Stops the chain and prints the currently processed type to the terminal.
+4. **Program** - Manages the lifecycle and configuration of the entire CLI application.
+
+<details>
+  <summary>Architecture Diagram (click to expand)</summary>
+	<p align="center">
+   		<a href="https://github.com/CatilGrass/mingling">
+        	<img alt="Mingling" src="res/graph.png" width="75%">
+    	</a>
+	</p>
+</details>
+
+## Project Structure
+
+The Mingling project consists of two main parts:
+
+- **[mingling/](mingling/)** - The core runtime library, containing type definitions, error handling, and basic functionality.
+- **[mingling_macros/](mingling_macros/)** - The procedural macro library, providing declarative macros to simplify development.
+
+## Example Projects
+
+- **[`examples/example-basic/`](examples/example-basic/src/main.rs)** - A simple "Hello, World!" example demonstrating the most basic usage of a Dispatcher and Renderer.
+- **[`examples/example-picker/`](examples/example-picker/src/main.rs)** - Demonstrates how to use a Chain to process and transform command arguments.
+- **[`examples/example-general-renderer/`](examples/example-general-renderer/src/main.rs)** - Shows how to use a general renderer for different data types (e.g., JSON, YAML, TOML, RON).
+- **[`examples/example-completion/`](examples/example-completion/src/main.rs)** - An example implementing auto-completion for the shell.
+
+## Next Steps
+
+You can read the following docs to learn more about the `Mingling` framework:
+
+- Check out **[Mingling Examples](examples/)** to learn about the core library.
+- Check out **[mingling_macros/README.md](mingling_macros/README.md)** to learn how to use the macro system.
+
+## Roadmap
+
+- [x] core: \[[0.1.4](https://docs.rs/mingling/0.1.4/mingling/)\] General Renderers *( Json, Yaml, Toml, Ron )* 
+- [x] core: \[[0.1.5](https://docs.rs/mingling/0.1.5/mingling/)\] Completion *( Bash Zsh Fish Pwsh )*
+- [ ] core: \[**0.2.0**\] Parallel Chains
+- [ ] \[**0.2.1**\] Helpdoc
+- [ ] \[**unplanned**\] Parser Theme
+- [ ] ...
+
+## Unplanned Features
+
+While Mingling has several common CLI features that are **not planned** to be directly included in the framework.
+This is because the Rust ecosystem already has excellent and mature crates to handle these issues, and Mingling's design is intended to be used in combination with them.
+
+- **Colored Output**: To add color and styles (bold, italic, etc.) to terminal output, consider using crates like [`colored`](https://crates.io/crates/colored) or [`owo-colors`](https://crates.io/crates/owo-colors). You can integrate their types directly into your renderers.
+- **I18n**: To translate your CLI application, the [`rust-i18n`](https://crates.io/crates/rust-i18n) crate provides a powerful internationalization solution that you can use in your command logic and renderers.
+- **Progress Bars**: To display progress indicators, the [`indicatif`](https://crates.io/crates/indicatif) crate is the standard choice.
+- **TUI**: To build full-screen interactive terminal applications, it is recommended to use a framework like [`ratatui`](https://crates.io/crates/ratatui) (formerly `tui-rs`).
+
+## License
+
+This project is licensed under the MIT License. 
+
+See [LICENSE-MIT](LICENSE-MIT) or [LICENSE-APACHE](LICENSE-APACHE) file for details.
diff --git a/docs/_sidebar.md b/docs/_sidebar.md
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+- [Welcome!](README)
+- [Get Started](./pages/1-get-started)
+
+- [Basic](./pages/2-basic)
+  - [Program](./pages/2-basic/1-program)
+  - [Setup](./pages/2-basic/2-setup)
+  - [Dispatcher](./pages/2-basic/3-dispatcher)
+  - [Chain](./pages/2-basic/4-chain)
+  - [Renderer](./pages/2-basic/5-renderer)
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+    margin: 0 2px;
+    padding: 3px 5px;
+    white-space: pre-wrap;
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+    font-size: 0.8rem;
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+    padding: 0 1.4rem;
+    line-height: 1.5rem;
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+    padding: 1.7rem 1.4rem;
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+    color: #4caf50;
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+    -moz-osx-font-smoothing: initial;
+    -webkit-font-smoothing: initial;
+    min-height: 1.5rem;
+    position: relative;
+    left: auto;
+}
diff --git a/docs/index.html b/docs/index.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7e3c5e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+<!doctype html>
+<html lang="en">
+    <head>
+        <meta charset="utf-8" />
+        <meta
+            name="viewport"
+            content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1.0, shrink-to-fit=no, viewport-fit=cover"
+        />
+
+        <title>Mingling Documents</title>
+        <meta
+            name="Mingling Documents"
+            content="Quick start with Mingling and build your command-line program!"
+        />
+
+        <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/vue.css" />
+    </head>
+
+    <body>
+        <nav>
+            <a href="https://docs.rs/mingling/latest/mingling/">Docs.rs</a>
+            <a href="https://crates.io/crates/mingling">Crates.io</a>
+            |
+            <a href="https://github.com/CatilGrass/mingling">GitHub</a>
+            |
+            <a href="https://git.catilgrass.cn/catilgrass/mingling.git"
+                ><b>Source</b></a
+            >
+        </nav>
+        <div id="app"></div>
+
+        <script>
+            window.$docsify = {
+                name: "Mingling Document",
+                auto2top: true,
+                loadSidebar: true,
+                maxLevel: 0,
+                subMaxLevel: 3,
+                search: {
+                    placeholder: "Search",
+                    noData: "No matches found.",
+                    depth: 2,
+                },
+            };
+        </script>
+
+        <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/docsify@4/lib/docsify.min.js"></script>
+
+        <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/docsify@4/lib/plugins/zoom-image.min.js"></script>
+        <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/docsify@4/lib/plugins/search.js"></script>
+        <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/prismjs@1/components/prism-bash.min.js"></script>
+        <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/prismjs@1/components/prism-toml.min.js"></script>
+        <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/prismjs@1/components/prism-rust.js"></script>
+    </body>
+</html>
diff --git a/docs/pages/1-get-started.md b/docs/pages/1-get-started.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f4edfc0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/pages/1-get-started.md
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+# Get Started
+This article explains how to quickly create your first **Mingling** command-line program.
+
+## Quick Start
+1. Add `mingling` to your Rust project.
+```bash
+cargo add mingling
+```
+Or add the following to your `Cargo.toml`:
+```toml
+[dependencies]
+mingling = "0.1.5"
+```
+
+> **Mingling** is an **async program**, so please use `async-std`, `tokio`, or another async runtime.
+
+2. This article assumes you are using the `tokio` async runtime. Add the following to your `Cargo.toml`:
+```toml
+tokio = { 
+    version = "1", 
+    features = [
+        "macros", 
+        "rt", 
+        "rt-multi-thread"
+    ] 
+}
+```
+
+3. Write the basic code in your `main.rs` or other program entry point.
+```rust
+use mingling::macros::{dispatcher, gen_program, r_println, renderer};
+ 
+#[tokio::main]
+async fn main() {
+    // Create ThisProgram
+    let mut program = ThisProgram::new();
+ 
+    // Import the dispatcher `HelloCommand`
+    program.with_dispatcher(HelloCommand);
+ 
+    // Run the program
+    program.exec().await;
+}
+ 
+// Define the dispatcher `HelloCommand`, which routes the "hello" subcommand to `HelloEntry`
+dispatcher!("hello", HelloCommand => HelloEntry);
+ 
+// Define the renderer, which receives `HelloEntry` and renders the content
+#[renderer]
+fn render_hello(_prev: HelloEntry) {
+    r_println!("Hello, World!")
+}
+ 
+// Create ThisProgram at the end of the code
+gen_program!();
+```
+
+4. Install your command-line program and run it.
+```bash
+cargo install --path ./
+your_bin hello
+```
+Result:
+```bash
+Hello, World!
+```
+
+## 💡 Next Steps
+> **Mingling**'s basic components [Go](./pages/2-basic)
diff --git a/docs/pages/2-basic.md b/docs/pages/2-basic.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..78d2fda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/pages/2-basic.md
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+<h1 align="center">Mingling's Basic Components</h1>
+<p align="center">
+    Table of Contents
+</p>
+
+---
+
+Mingling abstracts the lifecycle of a CLI program into the following types:
+
+| Component | Description |
+| :--- | :--- |
+| [Program](./pages/2-basic/1-program) | Records resources for the current context |
+| [Setup](./pages/2-basic/2-setup) | Bundles commonly used functionalities |
+| [Dispatcher](./pages/2-basic/3-dispatcher) | Dispatches user input to specific types |
+| [Chain](./pages/2-basic/4-chain) | Handles type conversion |
+| [Renderer](./pages/2-basic/5-renderer) | Handles type rendering |
diff --git a/docs/pages/2-basic/1-program.md b/docs/pages/2-basic/1-program.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fd8e986
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/pages/2-basic/1-program.md
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+<h1 align="center">Program</h1>
+<p align="center">
+    Mingling's Basic Components
+</p>
+
+---
+
+## Intro
+
+`Program` is the data structure that holds the state for **Mingling** CLI programs. It manages the user's context and enables type-based dispatch.
+
+`Program` needs to implement the `ProgramCollect` trait, 
+
+> but, you don't have to do this manually — 
+
+The `mingling_macros` crate provides the `gen_program!()` macro, which can auto collect resources defined by the `dispatcher!`, `chain!`, and the `completion!` macro of the `comp` feature.
+
+```rust
+// Define Dispatcher
+dispatcher!("hello", HelloCommand => HelloEntry);
+
+// Define Renderer
+#[renderer]
+fn render_hello(_prev: HelloEntry) {
+    r_println!("Hello, World!")
+}
+
+// Collect all resources here and generate ThisProgram
+gen_program!();
+
+// You can also explicitly declare a Program 
+// with a different name like this:
+// gen_program!(MyProgram);
+```
+
+## Adding Setup
+
+You can use the `with_setup` function to add preset [Setup](pages/2-basic/2-setup) to your program, which provide reusable functionality.
+
+For example, you can use the following code to add parsing for global flags like `--confirm` / `--help` / `--quiet` to your program:
+
+```rust
+use mingling::{
+    macros::gen_program, 
+    setup::BasicProgramSetup
+};
+
+#[tokio::main]
+async fn main() {
+    let mut program = ThisProgram::new();
+    // Add `BasicProgramSetup`
+    program.with_setup(BasicProgramSetup);
+    program.exec().await;
+}
+
+// Generate `ThisProgram`
+gen_program!();
+```
+
+## Adding Dispatcher
+
+You can use `with_dispatcher` or `with_dispatchers` to add [Dispatchers](pages/2-basic/3-dispatcher) to your program to make it work:
+
+```rust
+// Define two Dispatchers using `dispatcher!`
+dispatcher!("member.add", 
+    AddMemberCommand => AddMemberEntry);
+dispatcher!("member.rm", 
+    RemoveMemberCommand => RemoveMemberEntry);
+
+#[tokio::main]
+async fn main() {
+    let mut program = ThisProgram::new();
+
+    // Register Dispatchers
+    program.with_dispatcher(AddMemberCommand);
+    program.with_dispatcher(RemoveMemberCommand);
+
+    // Or use `with_dispatchers`
+    program.with_dispatchers((
+        AddMemberCommand, 
+        RemoveMemberCommand
+    ));
+
+    program.exec().await;
+}
+```
+
+## Parsing Global Args
+
+You can extract global arguments before the program runs to control the global state of the `Program`:
+
+```rust
+#[tokio::main]
+async fn main() {
+    let mut program = ThisProgram::new();
+
+    let mut output = current_dir().unwrap();
+
+    // Pick the "--quiet" or "-q" flag
+    program.global_flag(["--quiet", "-q"], |p| {
+        // Disable render output
+        p.stdout_setting.render_output = false;
+    });
+
+    // Pick the "--output" or "-O" flag, write to output
+    program.global_argument(
+        ["--output", "-O"], 
+        |_, v| output = PathBuf::from(v)
+    );
+
+    program.exec().await;
+}
+```
+
+## 💡 Next Page
+> **Basic Component** - Setup [Go](./pages/2-basic/2-setup)
diff --git a/docs/pages/2-basic/2-setup.md b/docs/pages/2-basic/2-setup.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8dbdd76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/pages/2-basic/2-setup.md
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+<h1 align="center">Setup</h1>
+<p align="center">
+    Mingling's Basic Components
+</p>
+
+---
+
+## Usage
+
+`Setup` is used to organize and package the initialization process of a `Program`, making the project easier to manage. It is defined as follows:
+
+```rust
+struct MySetup;
+impl ProgramSetup<ThisProgram, ThisProgram> 
+    for MySetup 
+{
+    fn setup(
+        &mut self, 
+        program: &mut Program<ThisProgram, ThisProgram>
+    ) {
+        // Your setup logic
+    }
+}
+```
+
+For example:
+
+```rust
+use std::{env::current_dir, path::PathBuf};
+
+use mingling::{
+    Program,
+    macros::{dispatcher, gen_program, renderer},
+    setup::ProgramSetup,
+};
+
+// Global state
+static OUTPUT_PATH: std::sync::OnceLock<PathBuf> 
+    = std::sync::OnceLock::new();
+
+#[tokio::main]
+async fn main() {
+    let mut program = ThisProgram::new();
+    program.with_setup(MySetup);
+    program.exec().await;
+}
+
+// Define two Dispatchers using `dispatcher!`
+dispatcher!("member.add",
+    AddMemberCommand => AddMemberEntry);
+dispatcher!("member.rm",
+    RemoveMemberCommand => RemoveMemberEntry);
+
+struct MySetup;
+impl ProgramSetup<ThisProgram, ThisProgram> for MySetup {
+    fn setup(
+        &mut self, program: &mut Program<ThisProgram, ThisProgram>
+    ) {
+        // Register Dispatchers
+        program.with_dispatcher(AddMemberCommand);
+        program.with_dispatcher(RemoveMemberCommand);
+
+        // Initialize global output once
+        OUTPUT_PATH.get_or_init(|| current_dir().unwrap());
+
+        // Pick the "--quiet" or "-q" flag
+        program.global_flag(["--quiet", "-q"], |p| {
+            // Disable render output
+            p.stdout_setting.render_output = false;
+        });
+
+        // Pick the "--output" or "-O" flag, write to output
+        program.global_argument(["--output", "-O"], |_, v| {
+            let _ = OUTPUT_PATH.set(PathBuf::from(v));
+        });
+    }
+}
+
+// Define empty renderer types to give the two types type IDs
+
+#[renderer]
+fn phantom_renderer_add_member(
+    _prev: AddMemberEntry
+) {}
+
+#[renderer]
+fn phantom_renderer_remove_member(
+    _prev: RemoveMemberEntry
+) {}
+
+gen_program!();
+```
+
+## Simplified Syntax
+
+If you find the above declaration method too **verbose**, you can use the `program_setup!` macro to simplify it. The format is:
+
+```rust
+#[program_setup]
+fn my_setup(
+    program: &mut Program<ThisProgram, ThisProgram>
+) {
+    // Your setup logic
+}
+```
+
+For example:
+
+```rust
+use std::{env::current_dir, path::PathBuf};
+
+use mingling::{
+    Program,
+    macros::{
+        dispatcher, 
+        gen_program, 
+        program_setup, 
+        renderer
+    },
+};
+
+static OUTPUT_PATH: std::sync::OnceLock<PathBuf> 
+    = std::sync::OnceLock::new();
+
+#[tokio::main]
+async fn main() {
+    let mut program = ThisProgram::new();
+    program.with_setup(MySetup);
+    program.exec().await;
+}
+
+dispatcher!("member.add",
+    AddMemberCommand => AddMemberEntry);
+dispatcher!("member.rm",
+    RemoveMemberCommand => RemoveMemberEntry);
+
+#[program_setup]
+fn my_setup(
+    program: &mut Program<ThisProgram, ThisProgram>
+) {
+    program.with_dispatcher(AddMemberCommand);
+    program.with_dispatcher(RemoveMemberCommand);
+
+    OUTPUT_PATH.get_or_init(|| current_dir().unwrap());
+
+    program.global_flag(["--quiet", "-q"], |p| {
+        p.stdout_setting.render_output = false;
+    });
+
+    program.global_argument(["--output", "-O"], |_, v| {
+        let _ = OUTPUT_PATH.set(PathBuf::from(v));
+    });
+}
+
+#[renderer]
+fn phantom_renderer_add_member(
+    _prev: AddMemberEntry
+) {}
+
+#[renderer]
+fn phantom_renderer_remove_member(
+    _prev: RemoveMemberEntry
+) {}
+
+gen_program!();
+```
+
+## 💡 Next Page
+> **Basic Component** - Dispatcher [Go](./pages/2-basic/3-dispatcher)
diff --git a/docs/pages/2-basic/3-dispatcher.md b/docs/pages/2-basic/3-dispatcher.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..643a752
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/pages/2-basic/3-dispatcher.md
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+<h1 align="center">Dispatcher</h1>
+<p align="center">
+    Mingling's Basic Components
+</p>
+
+---
+
+
+
+
+## 💡 Next Page
+> **Basic Component** - Chain [Go](./pages/2-basic/4-chain)
diff --git a/docs/pages/2-basic/4-chain.md b/docs/pages/2-basic/4-chain.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e9676c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/pages/2-basic/4-chain.md
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+<h1 align="center">Chain</h1>
+<p align="center">
+    Mingling's Basic Components
+</p>
+
+---
+
+
+## 💡 Next Page
+> **Basic Component** - Renderer [Go](./pages/2-basic/5-renderer)
diff --git a/docs/pages/2-basic/5-renderer.md b/docs/pages/2-basic/5-renderer.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f3e09de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/pages/2-basic/5-renderer.md
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+<h1 align="center">Renderer</h1>
+<p align="center">
+    Mingling's Basic Components
+</p>
+
+---